The PJM Part 2 … Negative Externalities, Data Center Alley, and future historically high electricity bills throughout the PJM

Last update:  7:36am Wednesday 11/26/25

This note, Part 2 in what was originally planned to be a three part series, will now be the final installment. It highlights some operational structures of the PJM that facilitated the stunning success of Virginia’s Data Center Alley. Then it sketches a strategy that might enable the founding members of the PJM -- Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland -- to join Virginia as major national and international data center hubs via consortiums that would also guarantee stable lower electricity bills for their regular customers, i.e., households, businesses, schools, government agencies, etc. 

Unfortunately, recent surprising announcements from two powerful utilities — Dominion and Exelon — threaten to burden regular customers throughout the 13 states in the PJM with historically high electricity bills.  Exelon’s announcement requires extensive revisions to Section F and Dominion’s requires the addition of a forthcoming Section G to this note.

Op-Ed ➡ HERE

TL;DR 4Nov25 ... (1) Big Tech Quarterly reports, and (2) Innovative data center proposal from governors of Pennsylania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia

Last update: Wednesday 11/5/25

Welcome to our 4Nov25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 2 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) Big Tech Quarterly reports, and (2) Innovative data center proposal from governors of Pennsylania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TL;DR 28Oct25 ... (1) How China Raced Ahead of the U.S. on Nuclear Power, (2) Anthropic's chatbot can now remember your previous conversations without prompting -- like ChatGPT and Gemini, and (3) OpenAI’s Atlas Browser Takes Direct Aim at Google

Last update: Tuesday 10/28/25

Welcome to our 28Oct25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) How China Raced Ahead of the U.S. on Nuclear Power, (2) Anthropic's chatbot can now remember your previous conversations without prompting -- like ChatGPT and Gemini, and (3) OpenAI’s Atlas Browser Takes Direct Aim at Google Chrome

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TL;DR 21Oct25 ... (1) "Nvidia Targets AI Data Centers And All-Renewable Electricity" ... and Critique

Last update: 9:46:pm Thursday 10/23/25

Welcome to our 21Oct25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top story on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) "Nvidia Targets AI Data Centers And All-Renewable Electricity" ... This TL;DR is different. ChatGPT's summary of the article that reported last week's top story is followed by the blog editor's detailed critique of Nvidia's claim that was reported in the article that "we achieved and will maintain 100% renewable electricity for offices and data centers under our operational control." Nvidia's claim that it will maintain 100% renewable electricity is the stuff of grand satires, like Orwell's masterpieces -- Animal Farm and 1984. The primary reason why data centers have such an insatiable need for ever more massive flows of electric power is because Nvidia's chips are so energy-inefficient. By comparison, Apple has recently paid billions of dollars to TSMC to produce chips that have dramatically higher energy-efficiency. How many billions has Nvidia paid anyone to dramatically reduce the energy demands of its gluttonous chips? 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

What is the PJM Interconnect? How does it work? And why you should care? ... 1-Basics

Last update:  Saturday 3:27am 10/25/25

This note, Part 1 in a three part series, will provide an introduction to the PJM Interconnect that directs the transmission of electric power across thirteen states and the District of Columbia. Part 2 will highlight features of the PJM that provide persistent advantages — lower electricity bills — for households and enterprises in some states, while imposing persistent penalties — higher electricity bills — on households and enterprises in other states. Part 3 will analyze the ironic causes of the persistent penalties, i.e., the negative externalities,  that are being reported by the media with increasing frequency and stridency. 

Click HERE to view full report

TL;DR 13Oct25 ...(1) OpenAI Agrees to Use Computer Chips From AMD, (2) OpenAI Wants ChatGPT to Be Your Future Operating System, and (3) One company is behind most of Virginia's data center construction boom .

Last update: Monday 10/13/25

     OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and AMD CEO Lisa Su 

Welcome to our 13Oct25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡ (1) OpenAI Agrees to Use Computer Chips From AMD, (2) OpenAI Wants ChatGPT to Be Your Future Operating System, and (3) One company is behind most of Virginia's data center construction boom. 

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TL;DR 7Oct25 ... (1) OpenAI’s Sora Makes Disinformation Extremely Easy and Extremely Real, (2) California Governor Signs Sweeping A.I. Law, and (3) Data center boom sparks sticker shock for PJM ratepayers

Last update: Tuesday 10/7/25

Welcome to our 7Oct25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) OpenAI’s Sora Makes Disinformation Extremely Easy and Extremely Real, (2) California Governor Signs Sweeping A.I. Law, and (3) Data center boom sparks sticker shock for PJM ratepayers

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE 

A closer look at the potential world-wide benefits of Apple Silicon

Substantial Revisions: 7:19pm Friday 10/24/25

This second note in an occasional series explores an emerging solution to a global disaster. It takes a closer look at the potential world-wide benefits of Apple’s forthcoming sales of energy-efficient inference servers to its customers. It also corrects a few misconceptions in the first note 

To read more of this blog note click ➡ HERE

TL;DR 29Sep25 ... (1) OpenAI Building 5 New Data Centers in U.S., (2) Nvidia Invests Up to $100 Billion in OpenAI, and (3) Nvidia to Invest Up to $100 Billion in OpenAI

Last update: Monday 9/29/25

Welcome to our 29Sep TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) OpenAI Building 5 New Data Centers in U.S., (2) Nvidia Invests Up to $100 Billion in OpenAI, and (3) Alibaba Integrates Nvidia Robotics Software in Its AI Platform"

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE 

TL;DR 22Sep25 ... (1) China bans tech companies from buying Nvidia’s AI chips, (2) Nvidia to Invest $5 Billion in Intel, and (3) Harvard researchers weigh AI’s climate and health impact

Last update: Monday 9/22/25

Welcome to our 22Sep25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡ (1) China bans tech companies from buying Nvidia’s AI chips, (2) Nvidia to Invest $5 Billion in Intel, and (3) Harvard researchers weigh AI’s climate and health impact

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TLDR 15Sep25 ... (1) Apple Introduces New, Slimmer iPhone, (2) Microsoft to Buy AI From Anthropic, and (3) EPA Proposes to End Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

Last update: Monday 9/15/25

Welcome to our 15Sep25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) Apple Introduces New, Slimmer iPhone, (2) Microsoft to Buy AI From Anthropic, and (3) EPA Proposes to End Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TLDR 8Sep25 ...(1) Google Dodges Worst Penalties in U.S. Antitrust Case, (2) Anthropic to pay $1.5 billion to authors in landmark AI settlement, and (3) NAACP presents guiding principles for data centers

Last update: Monday 10/8/25

Welcome to our 8Sep25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) Google Dodges Worst Penalties in U.S. Antitrust Case, (2) Anthropic to pay $1.5 billion to authors in landmark AI settlement, and (3) NAACP presents guiding principles for data centers

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE 

TL;DR 1Sep25 ... (1) AI super PACs, (2) Nvidia Predicts Cooler Growth After Sales Record, and (3) Data centers will cause higher electricity prices

Last update: Monday 9/1/25

Welcome to our 1Sep25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) AI super PACs, (2) Nvidia Predicts Cooler Growth After Sales Record, and (3) Data centers will cause higher electricity prices

 

TL;DR ➡  HERE

Sometimes ChatGPT does not connect the dots. Sometimes it does not follow its "plans".

Last update: Tuesday 8/26/25

Everybody knows that chatbotmake mistakes. This misbehavior has given rise to the fundamental guideline that users should always doublecheck everything a chatbot says. The  implicit assumption of this guideline is that a chatbot’s incorrect response to a prompt, a/k/a an “error” reflects the chatbot’s incorrect knowledge. This note challenges that assumption. 

The editor of this blog can document situations wherein ChatGPT “knew” the correct response to a prompt, but delivered an incorrect response anyway. In other words, ChatGPT failed to connect the dots, failed to give the response that it “knew” that it should have given. 

To read more of this blog note click ➡ HERE

TL;DR 25Aug25 ... (1) MIT report: 95% of generative AI pilot projects are failing", (2) The Trump-Intel Deal Is Official, and (3) AI data centers are leading to big electricity bills in NY and NJ

Last update: Monday 8/25/25

Welcome to our 25Aug25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) MIT report: 95% of generative AI pilot projects are failing, (2) The Trump-Intel Deal Is Official, and (3) AI data centers are leading to big electricity bills in NY and NJ

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TL;DR ... 18Aug 25 ... (1) Question: Does Nvidia sell chips to China: Yes or No? ... Trump says "Yes", China says "No" ... and (2) Local negative consequence of the data center boom

Last update: Tuesday 8/19/25

Welcome to our 18Aug25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 2 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) Question: Does Nvidia sell chips to China: Yes or No? ... Trump says "Yes", China says "No" ... and (2) Local negative consequence of the data center boom: Higher electricity bills for everyone and lower air quality

TL;DR ➡ HERE

Apple moves back to its roots in hardware with “cloud buster” chips

Extensive revision: 8/17/25

This is the first of a series of occasional publications that will track Apple’s development of genAI inference data centers using Apple Silicon, centers at the edges of the Internet that will support billions of devices. Given Apple's policy of minimal publicity during development, there probably won't be more than four more reports before the end of 2026.

Note: During “training”, a model learns from a large dataset; during “inference”, a trained model responds to queries from users.

To read more of this blog note click ➡  HERE

TL;DR 8/11/25 ... (1) OpenAI’s GPT-5 is here, (2) OpenAI launches two ‘open’ AI reasoning models, and (3) Anthropic's Claude Opus 4.1

Last update: Tuesday 8/12/25

Welcome to our 11Aug25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 3 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) OpenAI’s GPT-5 is here, (2) OpenAI launches two ‘open’ AI reasoning models, and (3) Anthropic's Claude Opus 4.1

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

TL;DR 5Aug25 ... Big Tech's Quarterly Reports , and (2) Anthropic Revokes OpenAI's Access to Claude

Last update: Tuesday 8/4/25

Welcome to our 5Aug25 TL;DR summaries by ChatGPT of the past week's top 2 stories on our "Useful AI News" page ➡  (1) Big Tech's Quarterly Reports (Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Meta, Alphabet/Google),  and (2) Anthropic Revokes OpenAI's Access to Claude

 

TL;DR ➡ HERE

The Great AI Exodus: How Three Tech Giants Lost the Visionaries Who Built the Future

Last update: Friday 8/1/25

An exclusive article in The Information last week reported that many members of Apple's large language model unit were leaving because they perceived that Apple's leadership did not share their vision of the transcendent importance of generative AI. Given that The Information's report was behind a very high paywall, most of the readers of this blog probably could not read it. So the editor tasked ChatGPT to provide an extensive TLDR summary  

To read more of this blog note click ➡ HERE